{"id":3073,"date":"2018-07-04T18:55:58","date_gmt":"2018-07-04T16:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/proofy.co\/the-intellectual-property-trademarks-patents-and-copyright-part-ii\/"},"modified":"2018-07-13T10:44:20","modified_gmt":"2018-07-13T08:44:20","slug":"intellectual-property-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proofy.co\/en\/intellectual-property-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"The intellectual property: trademarks, patents and copyright \u2013 Part II"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article about the intellectual property is about trademarks, patents and design and it is the second part (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.proofy.co\/en\/the-intellectual-property-right-trademarks-patents-and-copyright-part-i\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">read here the first part about the copyright<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) of a general guide which intent is the clarification of the argument.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this part we will deal with the industrial property where the right of industrial property is born almost always with the filing through the offices and not thanks to the simple creation. Let\u2019s see in particular what includes the Industrial Property.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Industrial Property:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trademarks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patents for inventions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utility models<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Registered Design (design and models)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Trademarks<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The trademarks are <\/span><b>distinctive signs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> able to <\/span><b>distinguish<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the own products and services from those of the <\/span><b>competitors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try to imagine two computers made of aluminium almost identical apart from one detail: on one it is represented a bite apple, on the other not. Can you say who is the producer? What are your expectations?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The trademark represents the industrial origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and it is useful to distinguish a product in the market of reference. Thanks to the trademark we can associate to one and only one firm each of its actions and each of its goals in the market, like the quality and reliability of their products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Trademarks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be protected <\/span><b>need to be registered<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through the patents and trademarks offices. In Italy it is the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uibm.gov.it\">UIBM<\/a>, in Europe the <a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/ohimportal\/it?TSPD_101_R0=a437bdd4d7f50ad6f38b73796ae956b6k0R00000000000000023cdd275dffff00000000000000000000000000005b3cf92d0087c8a094\">EUIPO<\/a> and globally the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/portal\/en\/index.html\">WIPO<\/a>. Each country has, like in Italy, its own national office.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some countries, Italy included, the trademark can be <\/span><b>protected also through the use<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (i.e. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de facto trademark<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) but the protection is weaker.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trademarks involve a territoriality protection; furthermore the protection is valid only in countries where the request of registration has been done (for example Italy or other European countries, Europe, other foreign countries \u2013 a global protection do not exist).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Requirements for the validity of the trademark<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each trademark must be:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distinct<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Novel<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lawful<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Distinct<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: a trademark cannot be a commonplace; it cannot be the name of the object that wants to be protected. I would not be allowed to register \u201cpen\u201d as a trademark for a line of pens (I would instead use it for an apparel line). At the same time, it cannot be descriptive of the product, the quality or the characteristics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Novel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: it must not be already used by others (of the same sector of activity).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Lawful<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: it must not be against the law, the security or the public order.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Duration of the trademark\u2019s filing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The duration of the trademark\u2019s filing is of 10 years, renewable even forever.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Can I register a<\/strong><strong> trademark<\/strong><strong> with Proofy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The trademark must be registered through the public offices of competence. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A logo can <a href=\"https:\/\/app.proofy.co\/app\/user\/register\">be <\/a><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">file with Proofy<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to have a protection for the creative part (brand design) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but there is not the same protection for the commercial aspects. For a trademark, Proofy can be a temporary solution until the filing (maybe also until the ultimate choice of the trademark). \u00a0We do not offer services of trademark filing or research of anteriority (but we know who knows how to do it well).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00ae o TM? Which is the difference?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ae<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">applied next to a trademark which has been already registered. It is not a trademark for which it has been simply asked the request of filling but it is an already registered trademark in all of its aspects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TM can be put next to those trademarks for which the filing has already been done but these are not already registered.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sanctions for the misleading usage of \u00a0\u00ae or TM<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be aware because art. 127 of the code of the industrial property establish that <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whoever places words or indications on an item that are not true, and that tend to lead persons to believe that the item is protected by a patent, design or model or a topography, or lead persons to believe that the trademark that it bears is registered, shall be punished by an administrative sanction \u00a0from 51,65 euros to 516,46 euros\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this regard it is important to remember that the symbol <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ae<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be used only in the countries where the trademark is actually registered<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Patents for inventions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patents for inventions protect only the inventions that present the necessary requirements (the important elements are the newness and the no previous disclosure). Who has the ownership of a valid patent can prevent the competitors from using the invention object of the patent. We will see below which are the necessary requirements and the characteristics of the patent for invention.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Requirements of validity of the patent for invention<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The inventions are new solutions for technical problems. Whether these are products or procedure inventions, they have to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be <\/span><b>new inventions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (not known, at least until the moment of the filing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have implied an <\/span><b>inventive activity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (i.e. inventive <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">step<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be likely to have an <\/span><b>industrial application<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>New inventions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in case the information would be made public before the filing it is called <\/span><b><i>destructive pre-disclosure<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and it will not be possible anymore to have a patent on the invention. For this reason it is very important to ask to firm an NDA contract (Non Disclosure Agreement) if before the presentation of the request for the patent it results necessary to show to someone the documents or information related to the invention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many investors in an initial phase refuse to firm the agreement. In this case it is sufficient to give some first general information about the invention without making public all the functional details. It is important indeed that each collaborator at any level have signed the NDA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Inventive activity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: each invention to be a patent cannot be the mere application of previous knowledge. The invention must not be a solution to a technical problem that seems trivial to an expert of the sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Be likely to have an industrial application<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: all those inventions not able to manage the real and constant achievement of the result promised in the patent cannot be registered as patents. In this sense the patent needs to always have, even of itself, an industrial application.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Duration of the patent for invention filing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The duration for the patent for invention filing is of <\/span><b>20 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> not renewable. From the fifth year, in Italy, it will be necessary to pay an anticipated annual quote to maintain the validity of the patent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the Italian law provides a period of implementation fixed in <\/span><b>3 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Who files the patent has 3 years of time from the patenting (or 4 from the date of filing) to put in commerce the product object of patent. Who would not proceed at the implementation could be constraint to grant a compulsory license or in extreme cases could be subject of the decay of the patent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patent is protectable only in the countries where it has been done the filing. However, differently than trademarks, it is not possible to protect with a patent an invention in a country where has not been registered any patent from the moment that the requirement of newness is global.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today a patent can be <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uibm.gov.it\/index.php\/brevetti\/brevettare-in-italia\">Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uibm.gov.it\/index.php\/brevetti\/brevettare-all-estero\/il-brevetto-europeo\">European<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uibm.gov.it\/index.php\/brevetti\/brevettare-all-estero\/brevetto-unitario\">Unitarian<\/a> (this will be available from March 2019) or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uibm.gov.it\/index.php\/brevetti\/brevettare-all-estero\/il-brevetto-internazionale-pct\">International PCT<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>What a patent can protect<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Italian law establish very clearly that cannot be protected by a patent:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201ca) the findings, the scientific theories and the mathematical methods; b) the plans, the principles and the methods for intellectual activities, for game or for commercial activities and the elaborator programs; c) the presentations of information.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For what regards in particular the computer programs (i.e. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">software<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) it is specified that cannot be subject of patent \u201cas such\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, these can be subject of patent if they are part of an invention with physical components (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hardware<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). \u00a0According to the EPO (European Patent Office) it is necessary that the program provides a \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">further technical effect<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d between the hardware and the software.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Utility models<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The utility model is \u00a0similar to a patent that exists only in Italy and few others countries in the world. It is possible to ask a utility model to protect objects (tools, machines or instruments) which are modifications of pre-existing objects and which thanks to these modifications acquire a greater handling, easiness of usage and so\u2026 utility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The utility model is easier to obtain than the patent but confers a very limited exclusivity right. At a commercial level the firms acquire this type of protection especially for dissuasive porpoise.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Duration of the filing of the utility models<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The duration of the filing of the utility models is of <\/span><b>10 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> not renewable.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Registered Design (drawings and models)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design means the external appearance of everything that surround us. Talking about design we think immediately to the furniture and to the objects of furnishing but also the fashion is considered design as the packaging and the font.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The design in our legislation belongs to both the intellectual property (registered design) and to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.proofy.co\/en\/the-intellectual-property-right-trademarks-patents-and-copyright-part-i\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">copyright<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Nevertheless, the protection offered by the copyright is reserved to designers already recognized or at design works considered by the public like works of art and, for example, exposed in a museum.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Duration of the filing of the design<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The design (drawings and models) can be file within 1 year from its presentation to the public (Grace period) and it is protected for <\/span><b>5 years renewable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> until a total of 25 years (in Italy).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The design not filed is indeed protected for 3 years from its first presentation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proofy.co\/en\/il-servizio\/\">Proofy<\/a> can be useful for the period before the filing of the design to try the creation and\/or before the presentation in public.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To deepen the theme of the design protection and of the managing of the bargaining power you can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proofy.co\/en\/design-protezione-avv-canella\/\">read our interview to the attorney Arlo Canella on \u201cDesign and legal protection\u201d<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Do you have curiosities with respect of the themes treated in the article? Leave a comment, subscribe to our newsletter or <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.proofy.co\/en\/assistenza\/\"><b>contact us<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<h5><b>Follow us on Facebook to be updated.<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Ffacebook.com%2Fproofyco&amp;width=450&amp;layout=standard&amp;action=like&amp;size=small&amp;show_faces=true&amp;share=true&amp;height=80&amp;appId\" width=\"450\" height=\"80\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This content was created by Valentina Panizza with the supervision of \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studio Legale Canella Camaiora.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article about the intellectual property is about trademarks, patents and design and it is the second part (read here the first part about the copyright) of a general guide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[138,153,152],"class_list":["post-3073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-intellectual-property","tag-patents","tag-trademarks"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The intellectual property: trademarks, patents and copyright \u2013 Part II<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An overview of the main informations related to intellectual property, trademarks, patents (for invention or utility models) and registered design.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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